angle variable 예문

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1. In Hamiltonian dynamics, Liouville also introduced the notion of action-angle variables as a description of completely integrable systems.
2. The Hamiltonian flow is the integral of the Hamiltonian vector field, and so one writes, using traditional notation for action-angle variables:
3. In fact, the Robertson uncertainty relation is false if \ hat { A } is an angle variable and \ hat { B } is the derivative with respect to this variable.
4. Integrability means that there is a change of variables ( action-angle variables ) such that the evolution equation in the new variables is equivalent to a linear flow at constant speed.
5. Electrical length can also be expressed as the angle units . \ theta, the mathematical symbol for an angle variable, is used as the symbol for electrical length when expressed as an angle.